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Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE

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Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE

Explore the spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE, tracing the expansion of Muslim rule from the Arabian Peninsula across the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia during the Rashidun and Umayyad periods.

Early Islam Umayyad Caliphate 632–750 CE Asia History Map
Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE
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Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE
Historical map showing the spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE, including the territories of the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates and the expansion of Muslim rule across the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia. On smaller screens, swipe horizontally to explore the map in greater detail.
Religion Islam
Main Period Rashidun & Umayyad
End Date 750 CE
Map Coverage Middle East & Asia

About This Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE

A historical overview of the expansion of Islam across Asia from the early Rashidun period through the end of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE.

This Spread of Islam in Asia to 750 CE map illustrates the dramatic territorial expansion of the Islamic world during the 7th and early 8th centuries. Beginning in Arabia, the Rashidun Caliphate expanded into the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, and Persia, while the Umayyad Caliphate extended Muslim rule even farther across Central Asia and toward the Indian subcontinent.

By 750 CE, Muslim rule covered a vast territory extending from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa in the west to Transoxiana and Sindh in the east. In Asia, this included most of the Middle East, the Iranian plateau, parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, Afghanistan, and areas corresponding to present-day Pakistan.

The expansion of Muslim political rule did not mean that all conquered populations immediately converted to Islam. Religious change took place gradually over centuries through administration, trade, urban development, migration, scholarship, intermarriage, and local conversion, producing diverse Muslim societies across Asia.

How to Read This Map

The map highlights the core territories of early Islam, the lands incorporated under the Rashidun Caliphate, and the regions added during the Umayyad expansion up to 750 CE.

Arabian Core Areas of the Arabian Peninsula where Islam was established before the major conquests beyond Arabia.
Rashidun Expansion Territories incorporated into the Islamic state between 632 and 661 CE, including the Levant, Iraq, Egypt, and much of Persia.
Umayyad Expansion Regions added between 661 and 750 CE, including further territories in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Indian frontier.
Country Boundaries Modern national borders that provide geographic context for the historical territories shown on the map.

Spread of Islam to 750 CE by Region

Open each region to explore the main areas reached by Muslim rule during the Rashidun and Umayyad periods.

Middle East
The Middle East was the central zone of early Islamic expansion. By 750 CE, Arabia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Persia had become core parts of the Islamic world, with major administrative and cultural centers in cities such as Damascus, Kufa, Basra, and Medina.
South Asia
By the early 8th century, Muslim forces had reached Sindh in the northwestern Indian subcontinent. This marked an important early stage of Islam’s presence in South Asia, although wider religious and political expansion developed over later centuries.
Central Asia and the Caucasus
Central Asia and the Caucasus became major frontier regions under the Umayyads. Muslim campaigns reached Transoxiana, including areas around Bukhara and Samarkand, while territories in the Caucasus were also incorporated or contested during this period.
Africa
Although this map focuses on Asia, the Umayyad Caliphate also expanded dramatically across North Africa. These western conquests were part of the same broader imperial expansion that connected the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asian territories under Muslim rule.
Europe and North America
Western Europe and North America fall outside the main Asian focus of this map. Muslim rule did reach the Iberian Peninsula by the early 8th century, while Muslim communities in North America developed much later through migration and other historical processes.
Southeast Asia and Oceania
Southeast Asia was not part of the Islamic territories shown for 750 CE. Islam spread to the region later through maritime trade, merchant communities, local conversion, and the rise of Muslim sultanates from the medieval period onward.

Which Modern Countries Were Under Muslim Rule by 750 CE?

By 750 CE, Muslim rule covered territories that today form parts of the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, North Africa, and southern Europe.

By 750 CE, Muslim rule included territories corresponding to most or parts of present-day Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and the Palestinian territories, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and neighboring regions. Modern borders did not exist at the time, so these names are used only as geographic reference points.

Saudi Arabia Jordan Syria Iraq Iran Afghanistan Pakistan Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Lebanon

Historical Timeline: Spread of Islam to 750 CE

Key events that shaped the expansion of Muslim rule from the Rashidun period through the end of the Umayyad Caliphate.

632 CE
Prophet Muhammad dies in 632 CE. The Rashidun Caliphate begins, and Muslim rule starts expanding beyond the Arabian Peninsula.
656 CE
Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the fourth caliph in 656 CE, after Muslim rule has already expanded across the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, and much of Persia.
661 CE
Ali ibn Abi Talib is assassinated in Kufa in 661 CE, marking the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the beginning of Umayyad rule.
661–705 CE
Under the early Umayyad caliphs, the Islamic state consolidates its territories and resumes expansion across North Africa, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.
705–715 CE
During the reign of al-Walid I, Umayyad expansion reaches Transoxiana in Central Asia and Sindh in the Indian subcontinent, while Muslim rule also advances in the western Mediterranean.
750 CE
The Abbasid Revolution ends Umayyad rule in most of the caliphate in 750 CE, marking the close of the period represented by this map and the beginning of a new phase in Islamic history.

Feel free to explore these Spread of Islam Maps

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Arif Cagricihttps://www.guideoftheworld.com/

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